Plant Based Little People Book References

Chapter 1

1. British Nutrition Foundation https://www.nutrition.org.uk/putting-it-into-practice/plant-based-diets/plant-based-diets/
2. Unicef https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/early-childhood-nutrition
3. Koletzko et al. Nutrition During Pregnancy, Lactation and Early Childhood and its Implications for Maternal and Long-Term Child Health: The Early Nutrition Project Recommendations. Ann Nutr Metab 2019; 74:93–106
4. L. Cook PhD. The importance of exposure for healthy eating in childhood: a review. JHND 2007; 20(4):294-301
5. Sajita et al. Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults. Am Coll Cardiol 2017 Jul 25; 70(4):411-422
6. https://www.vegansociety.com/news/media/statistics/worldwide
7. https://veganuary.com/83-of-veganuary-2022-participants-plan-permanent-diet-change/
8. Lap Tai Le and Joan Sabate. Beyond meatless, the health effects of vegan diets: findings from the Adventist cohorts. Nutrients. 2014; 6(6): 2131–2147
9. Monica Dinu et al. Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2017; 57 (17):3640-3649
10. Julieanna Hever, MS, RD, CPT. Plant based diets: a physicians guide Perm J 2016 Summer; 20(3):15-082
11. WJ Craig et al. The Safe and Effective Use of Plant-Based Diets with Guidelines for Health Professionals. Nutrients 2021; 13:4144. doi: 10.3390/nu13114144
12. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn03336/
13. Joan Sabaté and Michelle Wien. Vegetarian diets and childhood obesity prevention Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91(suppl):1525S-9S
14. Desmond et al 2021. Growth, body composition and cardiovascular and nutritional risk of 5-10-year-old children consuming vegetarian, vegan or omnivore diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113: 1565-77
15. Keller et al 2021. Nutrient Intake and Status of German Children and Adolescents Consuming Vegetarian, Vegan or Omnivore Diets: Results of the VeChi Youth Study Nutrients 2021; 13, 1707
16. Carbohydrates and Health. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition 2015. Published by TSO (The Stationery Office), London UK
17. National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Rolling programme Years 9 to 11 (2016/2017 to 2018/2019). A survey carried out on behalf of Public Health England and the Food Standards Agency.
18. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/digestive-health/how-to-get-more-fibre-into-your-diet/
19. https://foodfoundation.org.uk/sites/default/files/2021-09/Peas-Please-Veg-Facts-2021-Mobile-Friendly.pdf
20. http://healthsurvey.hscic.gov.uk/media/1092/_7-fruit-and-vegetable-consumption_7th-proof.pdf)
21. Małgorzata A. Desmond, Jakub Sobiecki, Mary Fewtrell, and Jonathan C.K. Wells. Plant-based diets for children as a means of improving adult cardiometabolic health. Nutrition Reviews. 2018; 76(4):260–273
22. Hemler et al 2019. Plant-Based Diets for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: All Plant Foods Are Not Created Equal. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2019 Mar 20; 21(5):18
23. Oncina-Canovas et al 2022. Pro-vegetarian food patterns and cardiometabolic risk in the PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional baseline analysis. European Journal of Nutrition (2022) 61:357–372
24. Satija et al 2017. Healthful and Unhealthful Plant Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 70(4):411-22
25. Satija et al 2019. Changes in intake of plant-based diets and weight change: results from 3 prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019; 110(3):574-82
26. Baden et al 2019. Change in Plant-Based Diet Quality Is Associated with Changes in Plasma Adiposity-Associated Biomarker Concentrations in Women. J Nutr. 2019; 149(4):676-86
27. Kim et al 2019. Plant‐Based Diets Are Associated with a Lower Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, and All‐Cause Mortality in a General Population of Middle‐Aged Adults. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019; 8 (16): e012865
28. Steck et al 2015. Index-Based Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:763–73
29. British Dietetic Association confirms well-planned vegan diets can support healthy living in people of all ages. British Dietetic Association, 7th August 2017. Available at: https://www.bda.uk.com/news/view?id=179
30. Melina V, Craig W, Levin S. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016; 116:1970-1980
31. Renda M, Fischer P. Vegetarian diets in children and adolescents. Pediatr Rev. 2009; 30(1): e1-e8
32. M Amit, Canadian Paediatric Society, Community Paediatrics Committee. Vegetarian diets in children and adolescents, Paediatrics & Child Health, Volume 15, Issue 5, 5/6 2010, Pages 303-314
33. Dietitians of Canada Healthy Eating Guidelines for Vegans https://www.dietitians.ca/Downloads/Factsheets/Guidlines-for-Vegans.aspx
34. Mairead E. Kiely. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2021), 80, 159-164 risks and benefits of vegetarian diets in children
35. Fewtrell et al 2017. Complementary Feeding: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatria Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: 119–132
36. Hovinen et al 2021. Vegan diet in young children remodels metabolism and challenges the statuses of essential nutrients EMBO molecular medicine 2021; 13: e13492
37. Schurmann et al 2017. Vegetarian diets in children: a systematic review. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56 (5): 1797-1817
38. Weder et al 2021. Intake of micronutrients and fatty acids of vegetarian, vegan and omnivorous children (1-3 years) in Germany. Eur J of Nutr 2021
39. Weder et al 2019. Energy, macronutrient intake and anthropometrics of vegetarian, vegan and omnivorous children (1-3 years) in Germany. Nutrients 2019 Apr; 11(832): 1-18
40. Elliott LJ, Keown-Stoneman CD.G, Birken CS, et al. Vegetarian Diet, Growth, and Nutrition in Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Pediatrics. 2022; 149(6):e2021052598
41. EAT Lancet Report Food in The Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets From Sustainable Food Systems Lancet 2019; 393 (10170): 447-492
42. Dan Buettner and Sam Skemp. Blue Zoes: Lessons from the longest lived. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 10(5):318-321

Chapter 2

1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/infant-growth/faq-20058037
2. https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/food-and-diet/what-should-my-daily-intake-of-calories-be/
3. https://www.nutrition.org.uk/healthy-sustainable-diets/protein/
4. Government Dietary Recommendations. Government recommendations for energy and nutrients for males and females aged 1-18 years and 19+ years, Public Health England, 2016. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/618167/government_dietary_recommendations.pdf
5. Dietary Reference Values: A Guide. Prepared for the Department of Health by Jenny Salmon BSc MSc(Nutrition) RD. Published by HMSO London 1991.
6. Mariotti F, Gardner CD. Dietary Protein and Amino Acids in Vegetarian Diets-A Review. Nutrients. 2019 Nov 4;11(11):2661
7. Food Standards Agency (2002) McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, Sixth summary edition. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry
8. Nutritics. (2019). Research Edition (v5.09*) [Computer software]. Dublin. Retrieved from www.nutritics.com
9. Weder et al (2019) Energy, macronutrient intake and anthropometrics of vegetarian, vegan and omnivorous children (1-3 years) in Germany. Nutrients 2019 Apr;11(4): 832
10. Koletzko et al (2019) Nutrition During Pregnancy, Lactation and Early Childhood and its Implications for Maternal and Long-Term Child Health: The Early Nutrition Project Recommendations. Ann Nutr Metab 2019;74 (2):93–106
11. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/ndns-results-from-years-9-to-11-2016-to-2017-and-2018-to-2019/ndns-results-from-years-9-to-11-combined-statistical-summary
12. Carbohydrates and Health, Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, 2015. Published by The Stationery Office Ltd, London
13. Swan et al (2018). A definition of free sugars in the UK, Public Health Nutrition 2018: 21(9), 1636-1638
14. Alex et al (2021) Nutrient intake and status of German children and adolescents consuming vegetarian, vegan or omnivore diets: results of the VeChi Youth Study. 2021 Nutrients, 13 (5);1707
15. Te Morenga L, Montez JM. Health effects of saturated and trans-fatty acid intake in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 17;12(11):e0186672
16. Weder et al (2022) Intake of micronutrients and fatty acids of vegetarian, vegan and omnivorous children (1-3 years) in Germany (VeChi Diet Study). 2022: Eur J of Nutr;61: 1507–1520
17. Desmond et al (2021) Growth, body composition and cardiovascular and nutritional risk of 5–10-year-old children consuming vegetarian, vegan and omnivore diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2021;113: 1565-77
18. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/atherosclerosis/
19. Huffman et al (2011) Essential fats: how do they affect growth and development of infants and young children in developing countries? A literature review. Maternal and Child Nutrition (2011), 7 (Suppl. 3), pp. 44-65
20. Julieanna Hever MS, RD, CPT. Plant-Based Diets: A Physician’s Guide article for further information on essential fatty acids. Perm J, 2016;20(3): 15-082
21. Gibson RA, Muhlhausler B, Makrides M. Conversion of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), with a focus on pregnancy, lactation and the first 2 years of life. Matern Child Nutr. 2011 Apr;7 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):17-26
22. Lane et al (2022). Bioavailability and conversion of plant based sources of omega-3 fatty acids – a scoping review to update supplementation options for vegetarians and vegans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(18):4982-4997
23. Moran et al (2019) Increasing the Omega-3 Content of Hen’s Eggs Through Dietary Supplementation with Aurantiochytrium limacinum Microalgae: Effect of Inclusion Rate on the Temporal Pattern of Docosahexaenoic Acid Enrichment, Efficiency of Transfer, and Egg Characteristics. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 28:329–338
24. H Gerster. Can adults adequately convert alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)? Int J Vitam Nutr Res.1998; 68(3):159-73
25. Plant Based Health Professionals UK factsheet https://plantbasedhealthprofessionals.com/wp-content/uploads/Factsheet_-Feeding-your-vegan-baby-8.pdf
26. Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. Proceedings of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. November 10-14, 2008. Geneva, Switzerland. Ann Nutr Metab. 2009;55(1-3):5-300.

Chapter 3

1. https://www.who.int/health-topics/micronutrients#tab=tab_1
2. Weder et al (2022) Intake of micronutrients and fatty acids of vegetarian, vegan and omnivorous children (1-3 years) in Germany (VeChi Diet Study). 2022: Eur J of Nutr; 61: 1507–1520
3. Jeon SM, Shin EA. Exploring vitamin D metabolism and function in cancer. Exp Mol Med. 2018 Apr 16;50(4):1-14
4. Bikle DD. Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Chem Biol. 2014 Mar 20;21(3):319-29
5. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/#en32/
6. Vitamin D and health, Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. 2016. Published by The Stationery Office Ltd, London. This report is available online at: https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/scientific-advisory-committee-on-nutrition
7. Lips P. Vitamin D physiology. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006 Sep;92(1):4-8
8. Tripkovic L et al. (2012) Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 95, 1357-1364
9. https://www.vegansociety.com/resources/nutrition-and-health/nutrients/vitamin-d
10. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/learning/what-is-a-lichen
11. Safe upper level for vitamins and minerals, Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals. May 2003. Food Standards Agency.
12. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium; Editors: A Catharine Ross, Christine L Taylor, Ann L Yaktine, and Heather B Del Valle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
13. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d/
14. Cardwell G, Bornman JF, James AP, Black LJ. A Review of Mushrooms as a Potential Source of Dietary Vitamin D. Nutrients. 2018 Oct 13;10(10):1498
15. Mattila PH, Piironen VI, Uusi-Rauva EJ & Koivistoinen PE (1994) Vitamin D Contents in Edible Mushrooms. J Agricult Food Chem 42, 2449-2453.
16. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/vitamins-for-children/
17. Feeding Young Children aged 1 to 5 years. Scientific Committee on Nutrition (SACN) Published July 2023. ©Crown copyright 2023. SACN’s webpage is available at: www.gov.uk/government/groups/scientific-advisory-committee-on-nutrition
18. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-a/
19. Alex et al (2021) Nutrient intake and status of German children and adolescents consuming vegetarian, vegan or omnivore diets: results of the VeChi Youth Study. 2021 Nutrients, 13 (5); 1707
20. Iyer U. Nutrition for the primary care provider. Indian J Med Res. 2017;145 (2) :254
21. Le Blanc et al (2013) Bacteria as vitamin suppliers to their host: a gut microbiota perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2013 Apr;24(2):160-8
22. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/complications/
23. Pawlak et ak (2013). How prevalent is vitamin B12 deficiency among vegetarians? Nutr Rev. 2013 Feb;71(2):110-7
24. Green et al (2017). Vitamin B12 deficiency. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Jun 29;3:17040
25. Niklewicz et al (2023) The importance of vitamin B12 for individuals choosing plant-based diets. Eur J Nutr. 2023 Apr;62(3):1551-1559
26. Pawlak R, Lester SE, Babatunde T. The prevalence of cobalamin deficiency among vegetarians assessed by serum vitamin B12: a review of literature. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 May;68(5):541-8.
27. Tomas Honzik et al (2010) Clinical presentation and metabolic consequences in 40 breastfed infants with nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency – What have we learned? European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 2010;14 (6):488-495
28. Buehler BA. Vitamin B2: Riboflavin. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine. 2011; 16(2): 88-90
29. Mahabadi N, Bhusal A, Banks SW. Riboflavin Deficiency. [Updated 2022 Jul 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470460/#
30. https://www.nutrition.org.uk/media/5xeeolog/vitamins-and-minerals-in-our-food-pdf.pdf
31. Shkembi B, Huppertz T. Calcium Absorption from Food Products: Food Matrix Effects. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 30;14(1):180
32. Briefing Paper. Dietary calcium and health H. E. Theobald. 2005 British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin, 30, 237–277
33. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dexa-scan/
34. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/ndns-results-from-years-9-to-11-2016-to-2017-and-2018-to-2019/ndns-results-from-years-9-to-11-combined-statistical-summary
35. Desmond et al (2021) Growth, body composition and cardiovascular and nutritional risk of 5–10-year-old children consuming vegetarian, vegan and omnivore diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113: 1565-77
36. Zhao et al (2005) Calcium Bioavailability of Calcium Carbonate Fortified Soymilk Is Equivalent to Cow’s Milk in Young Women J. Nutr. 135: 2379–2382, 2005
37. https://www.who.int/health-topics/anaemia#tab=tab_1
38. Iron and Health. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. 2010. Published by The Stationery Office Ltd, London.
39. Lozoff B. Iron deficiency and child development. Food Nutr Bull. 2007 Dec;28(4 Suppl):S560-71
40. Abrams SA, Hampton JC, Finn KL. A Substantial Proportion of 6-12-Month-Old Infants Have Calculated Daily Absorbed Iron below Recommendations, Especially Those Who Are Breastfed. J Pediatr. 2021 Apr;231:36-42.e2.
41. https://www.nutrition.org.uk/news/2020/key-findings-from-ndns-report-for-years-9-to-11-combined/#iron
42. Dietary Reference Values: A Guide. prepared for the Department of Health by Jenny Salmon BSc MSc(Nutrition) SRD. London HMSO. 1991
43. Pawlak R, Bell K. Iron Status of Vegetarian Children: A Review of Literature. Ann Nutr Metab. 2017;70(2):88-99
44. Christine M Pfeiffer and Anne C Looker. Laboratory methodologies for indicators of iron status: strengths, limitations, and analytical challenges. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106 (Suppl):1606S–14S.
45. Śliwińska A, Luty J, Aleksandrowicz-Wrona E, Małgorzewicz S. Iron status and dietary iron intake in vegetarians. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018 Oct;27(10):1383-1389
46. Nemeth E, Ganz T. The role of hepcidin in iron metabolism. Acta Haematol. 2009;122(2-3):78-86
47. Richard Hurrell and Ines Egli. Iron bioavailability and dietary reference values. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(suppl):1461S–7S
48. Gautam S, Platel K, Srinivasan K. Higher bioaccessibility of iron and zinc from food grains in the presence of garlic and onion. J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Jul 28;58(14):8426-9.
49. Skolmowska D, Głąbska D. Effectiveness of Dietary Intervention with Iron and Vitamin C Administered Separately in Improving Iron Status in Young Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 20;19(19):11877.
50. García-Casal et al (1998). Vitamin A and beta-carotene can improve nonheme iron absorption from rice, wheat and corn by humans. J Nutr. 1998 Mar;128(3):646-50.
51. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/iron-deficiency-anaemia/
52. Mehri A. Trace elements in human nutrition (II) – An update. Int J Prev Med 2020;11:2
53. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/339439/SACN_Iodine_and_Health_2014.pdf
54. https://ukiodine.org/information-for-health-professionals/
55. Bath et al (2022) A systematic review of iodine intake in children, adults, and pregnant women in Europe-comparison against dietary recommendations and evaluation of dietary iodine sources. Nutr Rev. 2022 Oct 10;80(11):2154-2177
56. https://www.bda.uk.com/uploads/assets/90d5228f-410a-4d0f-b2d9427e009ecdcc/Practical-guide-nutritional-considerations-re-IODINE.pdf
57. Witard OC, et al (2022) Dairy as a Source of Iodine and Protein in the UK: Implications for Human Health Across the Life Course, and Future Policy and Research. Front. Nutr. 9:800559.
58. BDA iodine fact sheet: https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/iodine.html
59. Tai Sheng Yeh, Nu Hui Hung, Tzu Chun Lin. Analysis of iodine content in seaweed by GC-ECD and estimation of iodine intake. Journal of food and drug analysis 22 (2014) 189e196
60. Salgueiro et al (2002) The role of zinc in the growth and development of children. Nutrition. 2002 Jun;18 (6) :510-9.
61. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc
62. M Foster and S Samman. Chapter 3: Vegetarian diets across the life cycle – impact on zinc intake and status. Advances in food and nutrition research, volume 74, 2015.
63. Roohani N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R, Schulin R. Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review. J Res Med Sci. 2013 Feb;18(2):144-57.
64. Salgueiro et al (2002). The role of zinc in the growth and development of children. Nutrition. 2002 Jun;18 (6):510-9.
65. Gibson RS, Heath AL, Szymlek-Gay EA. Is iron and zinc nutrition a concern for vegetarian infants and young children in industrialized countries? Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100 Suppl 1:459S-68S.
66. https://www.vegansociety.com/sites/default/files/uploads/downloads/Zinc PDF_0.pdf
67. Food Standards Agency (2002) McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, Sixth summary edition. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
68. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/
69. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/list-all/

Chapter 4

1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding
2. https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/breastfeeding.html
3. Allen J, Hector D. Benefits of breastfeeding. N S W Public Health Bull. 2005 Mar-Apr;16(3-4):42-6
4. Specker BL. Nutritional concerns of lactating women consuming vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 May;59(5 Suppl):1182S-1186S.
5. Karcz K, Królak-Olejnik B. Vegan or vegetarian diet and breast milk composition – a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(7):1081-1098.
6. Melina V, Craig W, Levin S. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Dec;116(12):1970-1980
7. Bravi et al. Impact of maternal nutrition on breast-milk composition: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Sep;104(3):646-62
8. Perrin et al (2019). A cross-sectional study of fatty acids and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in human milk from lactating women following vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore diets. Eur J Nutr. 2019 Sep;58(6):2401-2410.
9. Ureta-Velasco et al (2023) Human Milk Composition and Nutritional Status of Omnivore Human Milk Donors Compared with Vegetarian/Vegan Lactating Mothers. Nutrients. 2023; 15(8):1855
10. Perrin et al (2022) Major and trace mineral composition of milk from lactating women following vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets. Br J Nutr. 2022 Dec 23:1-8.
11. Azizi F, Smyth P. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant iodine nutrition. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 May;70(5):803-9.
12. Mennella JA, Jagnow CP, Beauchamp GK. Prenatal and postnatal flavor learning by human infants. Pediatrics. 2001 Jun;107(6):E88.
13. Pitt et al (2018) Reduced risk of peanut sensitization following exposure through breast-feeding and early peanut introduction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018;141:620-5.
14. Haastrup MB, Pottegård A, Damkier P. Alcohol and breastfeeding. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014 Feb;114(2):168-73.
15. Sambrook J. Incidence of cow’s milk protein allergy. Br J Gen Pract. 2016 Oct;66(651):512.
16. Feeding young children aged 1 to 5 years. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) Published July 2023. ©Crown copyright 2023 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1167077/SACN-Feeding-young-children-aged-1-to-5-full-report.pdf
17. Plant Based Health Professionals UK https://plantbasedhealthprofessionals.com/wp-content/uploads/Factsheet_-Feeding-your-vegan-baby-8.pdf
18. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/nutritionlibrary/reaching-optimal-iodine-nutrition-in-pregnant-and-lactating-women-and-young-children.pdf?sfvrsn=4f864061_2&download=true
19. https://www.smahcp.co.uk/formula-milk/soya-infant-formula/
20. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/types-of-formula
21. Cassidy, A. (2003), Committee on Toxicity draft report on phyto-oestrogens and health – review of proposed health effects of phyto-oestrogen exposure and recommendations for future research. Nutrition Bulletin, 28: 205-213.
22. Testa et al (2018) Soy-Based Infant Formula: Are Phyto-Oestrogens Still in Doubt? 2018. Front. Nutr. 5:110.
23. Paediatric Specialist Group Position Statement: Use of Infant Formulas based on Soy Protein October 2010
24. https://plantbasedhealthprofessionals.com/wp-content/uploads/Factsheet_-Feeding-your-vegan-baby-8.pdf
25. https://sniglobal.org/
26. Vandenplas et al. Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Safety of soya-based infant formulas in children. British Journal of Nutrition (2014), 111, 1340–1360
27. Bhatia J, Greer F; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Use of soy protein-based formulas in infant feeding. Pediatrics. 2008 May;121(5):1062-8.
28. Vieira et al (2021). Recipe for Disaster: Homemade Formula Leading to Severe Complications in 2 Infants. Pediatrics. 2021 Sep;148(3):e2021050947.
29. Davis et al (2020). Homemade infant formula recipes may contain harmful ingredients: a quantitative content analysis of blogs. Public Health Nutr. 2020 Jun;23(8):1334-1339.
30. Luyt et al (2014). BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of cow’s milk allergy. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 44, 642–672

Chapter 5

1. https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding#tab=tab_1
2. Webber et al (2017) An infant-led approach to complementary feeding is positively associated with language development. Matern Child Nutr. 2021 Oct;17(4):e13206.
3. Lönnerdal B. Development of iron homeostasis in infants and young children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Dec;106(Suppl 6):1575S-1580S
4. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/better-health-start-for-life-weaning-campaign-survey-march-2020/better-health-start-for-life-weaning-campaign-methodology-and-summary-of-results
5. J. A. Y. Cichero. Introducing solid foods using baby-led weaning vs. spoon-feeding: A focus on oral development, nutrient intake and quality of research to bring balance to the debate. Nutrition Bulletin 41, 72-77. 2016
6. https://www.bsaci.org/professional-resources/resources/early-feeding-guidelines/
7. Roberts et al (2023). Defining the window of opportunity and target populations to prevent peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023 May;151(5):1329-1336.
8. Brit Trogen, Samantha Jacobs and Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn. Early Introduction of Allergenic Foods and the Prevention of Food Allergy. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2565
9. Størdal et al (2017). Breast-feeding and Infant Hospitalization for Infections: Large Cohort and Sibling Analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017 Aug;65(2):225-231.
10. https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/
11. Coulthard H, Harris G, Emmett P. Delayed introduction of lumpy foods to children during the complementary feeding period affects child’s food acceptance and feeding at 7 years of age. Matern Child Nutr. 2009 Jan;5(1):75-85
12. Finnane et al (2017) Mealtime structure and responsive feeding practices are associated with less food fussiness and more food enjoyment in children. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2017: 49(1), 11-18.
13. Coulthard H, Harris G, Fogel A. Association between tactile over-responsivity and vegetable consumption early in the introduction of solid foods and its variation with age. Matern Child Nutr. 2016 Oct;12(4):848-59
14. Nicklaus S. Children’s acceptance of new foods at weaning. Role of practices of weaning and of food sensory properties. Appetite. 2011 Dec;57(3):812-5
15. Verhage et al (2018). The relation between family meals and health of infants and toddlers: A review. Appetite. 2018 Aug 1;127:97-109
16. Tournier et al (2021). Factors Associated With Food Texture Acceptance in 4- to 36-Month-Old French Children: Findings From a Survey Study. Front Nutr. 2021 Feb 1;7:616484.
17. Gisel E.G. (1991). Effect of food texture on the development of chewing of children between 6 months and 2 years of age. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 33(1): 69–79.
18. https://solidstarts.com/6-ways-help-baby-practice-pincer-grasp/
19. Brown A. No difference in self-reported frequency of choking between infants introduced to solid foods using a baby-led weaning or traditional spoon-feeding approach J Hum Nutr and Diet Vol 31 issue 4, August 2018
20. https://www.allergyuk.org/about-allergy/what-is-an-allergy/
21. Martin et al (2015). HealthNuts Study Investigators. Which infants with eczema are at risk of food allergy? Results from a population-based cohort. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015 Jan;45(1):255-6
22. Du Toit et al (2018) Food allergy: Update on prevention and tolerance. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Jan;141(1):30-40
23. Perkin et al EAT Study Team. Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) study: Feasibility of an early allergenic food introduction regimen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 May;137(5):1477-1486.e8.
24. Du Toit et al LEAP Study Team (2015). Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 26;372(9):803-13.
25. Fleischer et al (2021) A Consensus Approach to the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy Through Nutrition: Guidance from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; and the Canadian Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Jan;9(1):22-43.e4
26. Government Dietary Recommendations Government recommendations for energy and nutrients for males and females aged 1-18 years and 19+ years. Nutrition Science Team, Public Health England. 2016
27. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/vitamins-for-children/
28. https://www.bsaci.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/pdf_Infant-feeding-and-allergy-prevention-PARENTS-FINAL-booklet.pdf

Chapter 6

1. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/grow12yr.html
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4. Government Dietary Recommendations. Government recommendations for energy and nutrients for males and females aged 1-18 years and 19+ years. Nutrition Science Team, Public Health England. 2016
5. Elif Piskin et al (2022). Iron Absorption: Factors, Limitations, and Improvement Methods. ACS Omega 2022 7 (24), 20441-20456
6. Bo Lönnerdal. Calcium and Iron Absorption – Mechanisms and Public Health Relevance. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research (2013), 80, pp. 293-299
7. Iron and Health. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition 2010. Published by The Stationery Office, London.
8. Richard Hurrell and Ines Egli. Iron bioavailability and dietary reference values. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(suppl):1461S–7S.
9. Leif Hallberg. Does calcium interfere with iron absorption? Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68: 3-4
10. 10.Gaitán et al (2011). Calcium does not inhibit the absorption of 5 milligrams of nonheme or heme iron at doses less than 800 milligrams in nonpregnant women. J Nutr. 2011 Sep;141(9):1652-6.
11. 11.Dietary Reference Values: A Guide. London HMSO 1991. Prepared for the Department of Health by Jenny Salmon BSc MSc (Nutrition) SRD
12. 12.https://www.nutrition.org.uk/media/1z2ekndj/nutrition-requirements-update.pdf
13. 13.Weder et al (2019). Energy, Macronutrient Intake, and Anthropometrics of Vegetarian, Vegan, and Omnivorous Children (1-3 Years) in Germany (VeChi Diet Study). Nutrients. 2019 Apr 12;11(4):832
14. 14.Gunther et al (2007). Early protein intake and later obesity risk: which protein sources at which time points throughout infancy and childhood are important for body mass index and body fat percentage at 7 y of age? Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1765–72
15. 15.https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/baby-vitamins
16. 16.Weder et al (2022). Intake of micronutrients and fatty acids of vegetarian, vegan, and omnivorous children (1-3 years) in Germany (VeChi Diet Study). Eur J Nutr 2022; 61: 1507–1520
17. 17.Alexy et al (2021). Nutrient Intake and Status of German Children and Adolescents Consuming Vegetarian, Vegan or Omnivore Diets: Results of the VeChi Youth Study. Nutrients. 2021 May 18;13(5):1707.
18. 18.https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding#tab=tab_2
19. 19.https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/sep/17/britons-drink-plant-based-milk-demand
20. 20.https://morningconsult.com/2023/03/13/oat-almond-plant-alternative-milk/
21. 21.Food Standards Agency (2002). McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, Sixth summary edition. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. https://www.food.gov.uk/
22. 22.Halmos EP, Mack A, Gibson PR. Review article: emulsifiers in the food supply and implications for gastrointestinal disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Jan;49(1):41-50.
23. 23.Partridge et al (2019) Food additives: Assessing the impact of exposure to permitted emulsifiers on bowel and metabolic health – Introducing the FADiets study. Nutr Bull. 2019 Dec;44(4):329-349.
24. 24.Chassaing et al (2017) Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation. Gut. 2017 Aug;66(8):1414-1427.
25. 25.Cox et al (2021). Food additive emulsifiers: a review of their role in foods, legislation and classifications, presence in food supply, dietary exposure, and safety assessment. Nutr Rev. 2021 May 12;79(6):726-741.
26. 26.Mark Messina & Leena Hilakivi-Clarke (2009) Early Intake Appears to Be the Key to the Proposed Protective Effects of Soy Intake Against Breast Cancer, Nutrition and Cancer, 61:6, 792-798
27. 27.Mark Messina. Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature. Nutrients 2016, 8, 754
28. 28.Messina et al (2022) The health effects of soy: A reference guide for health professionals. Front. Nutr. 9:970364.
29. 29.https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/what-to-feed-young-children/
30. 30.Messina et al (2022) Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62:21, 5824-5885
31. 31.Strom BL, Schinnar R, Ziegler EE. Exposure to Soy-Based Formula in Infancy and Endocrinological and Reproductive Outcomes in Young Adulthood. JAMA. 2001;286(7):807–814
32. 32.Andres et al (2021) Developmental status of 1-year-old infants fed breast milk, cow’s milk formula, or soy formula. Pediatrics. 2012 Jun;129(6):1134-40. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-3121. Epub 2012 May 28
33. 33.Messina M, Nagata C and Wu AH. Estimated Asian adult soy protein and isoflavone intakes. Nutr Cancer. 2006;55(1):1-12.
34. 34.https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-types/salt-nutrition/
35. 35.Crimarco et al (2020). A randomized crossover trial on the effect of plant-based compared with animal-based meat on trimethylamine-N-oxide and cardiovascular disease risk factors in generally healthy adults: Study With Appetizing Plantfood-Meat Eating Alternative Trial (SWAP-MEAT). Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Nov 11;112(5):1188-1199.
36. 36.Toribio-Mateas, M.A.; Bester, A.; Klimenko, N. Impact of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives on the Gut Microbiota of Consumers: A Real-World Study. Foods 2021, 10, 2040.

Chapter 7

1. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-guidelines-and-food-labels/the-eatwell-guide/
2. Food Standards Agency (2002) McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, Sixth summary edition. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
3. Skolmowska D, Głąbska D. Effectiveness of Dietary Intervention with Iron and Vitamin C Administered Separately in Improving Iron Status in Young Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 20;19(19):11877.
4. García-Casal et al (1998) Vitamin A and beta-carotene can improve nonheme iron absorption from rice, wheat and corn by humans. J Nutr. 1998 Mar;128(3):646-50.